Located at the meeting point of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, Georgia is a nation defined by both its geography and its heritage. Bordered by Russia to the north, Turkey and Armenia to the south, and Azerbaijan to the southeast, Georgia sits at a historical and cultural crossroads. Though it straddles two continents, the country is widely regarded as part of Eastern Europe, a designation that reflects not only its political orientation but also its deep ties to European history and identity.
Once part of the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union, Georgia emerged as an independent republic in the early 1990s. Since then, it has steadily pursued closer integration with the West. In 2022, the country formally applied for membership in the European Union, and in a historic step forward, was granted candidate status in December 2023. From the snow-capped peaks of the Caucasus Mountains to its Black Sea coastline, Georgia boasts a strikingly diverse landscape matched by a rich tapestry of culture and tradition.
Indian citizens need a visa to visit Georgia. Travellers can apply for a tourist visa, typically used for leisure, sightseeing, or visiting friends and family, or a business visa for work-related travel. A short-term e-Visa is available for stays of up to 30 days. To apply, individuals must complete the application form on the official Georgian e-Visa portal - www.evisa.gov.ge/GeoVisa/en/VisaApp. Required documents include a passport with at least six months’ validity, a passport-size photo, proof of accommodation, return flight reservations, evidence of sufficient funds, and travel or health insurance. Additional documents may be needed depending on the visa type. After paying the visa fee online, applicants can expect processing to take five to ten working days.
Tbilisi is a cosmopolitan and culturally diverse city, where visitors are likely to feel comfortable and welcome. However, in more rural parts of Georgia, social norms can be more conservative. When travelling outside urban areas, it’s advisable to be mindful of local customs, especially regarding modest clothing—particularly when visiting religious sites—and public displays of affection, which may be frowned upon in more traditional settings.
The official currency of Georgia is the Georgian Lari (GEL), used for all types of transactions—from dining and shopping to travel and accommodation. While card payments are widely accepted in cities and larger towns, it's advisable to carry some cash, particularly when visiting rural areas where card facilities may be limited. ATMs are readily available in urban centres, but for added security, it’s best to use machines located inside bank branches. Withdrawing larger amounts from ATMs operated by Basisbank or Cartu Bank is often recommended. Cash remains especially useful for small purchases, local markets, or when travelling to more remote locations.
Georgia’s climate varies greatly with altitude, so packing appropriately is key. Summers can be extremely hot in the lowlands, so light, breathable clothing is ideal. However, temperatures drop sharply in the mountains—even in July—so it’s wise to bring a fleece and jacket. Winters, especially in higher regions, call for warm layers and waterproof boots. Comfortable walking shoes and a rain jacket or umbrella are useful year-round. Georgia is generally relaxed about clothing, though modest dress is expected in churches. Women should cover their heads and may need to wear a wrap skirt provided at the entrance if wearing trousers. Sun protection and a reusable water bottle are recommended in summer, and overall, packing should reflect both the season and your travel route.
In Georgia, toasting is a deeply rooted cultural tradition, especially during festive feasts known as supras. Unlike in many countries, beer is generally not used for toasting; in fact, it is traditionally associated with toasting enemies. Instead, wine and chacha—a potent local spirit—are the drinks of choice during celebratory gatherings. The saying goes, “beer is for enemies,” which is why it’s avoided on joyful occasions. Supras are often led by a tamada, or toastmaster, who guides the ritual of toasting with poetic speeches and invites others to participate, sometimes using a ceremonial horn filled with wine. These practices reflect Georgia’s strong sense of hospitality, respect for tradition, and the cultural importance placed on shared meals and social connection.
Georgia is widely regarded as a safe destination for travellers, with a lower crime rate than many popular tourist spots. However, it is important to take sensible precautions to avoid pickpocketing, especially in crowded areas. Do not leave valuables unattended and always stay aware of your surroundings. Keeping your mobile phone charged and with you at all times is also recommended. Georgian law protects human rights and equality, but ethnic minorities and LGBT+ individuals may still face discrimination, including harassment and assault.
Driving in Georgia generally follows standard road rules with some local nuances. Vehicles drive on the right-hand side, and the left lane is typically reserved for overtaking. Speed limits are usually 60 km/h in urban areas, 80 km/h on rural roads, and 110 km/h on highways, but always follow posted signs. When overtaking, use indicators and respect road markings that indicate whether passing is allowed. Be aware of the “Move Over” law, which requires drivers to give way to emergency and utility vehicles. Road conditions can vary outside major highways, so exercise caution, especially in rural areas.
In Georgia, travellers can easily buy prepaid SIM cards from major providers. These companies offer various data plans, including unlimited options, and SIM cards are available at airports and city centres. eSIMs are also offered, providing convenience and often lower prices. Although airport SIMs are convenient, they tend to be more expensive than those bought in city stores, especially in Tbilisi and other major towns.
Georgia provides a range of transport options for getting around, including buses, minibuses (known as marshrutkas), taxis, trains, and domestic flights. Buses and marshrutkas are the most common and affordable choices for both city travel and longer journeys. Taxis are widely available and reasonably priced in cities such as Tbilisi. Trains connect major cities, often offering scenic routes. Within Tbilisi, the metro and bus systems provide efficient public transport, while ride-sharing apps have become increasingly popular for travelling around the city.
The official language of Georgia is Georgian. While English is increasingly spoken in tourist areas—especially among younger people and those in the tourism industry—older generations tend to speak Russian fluently. Most businesses operate using a combination of Georgian and either Russian or English. Learning some basic Georgian phrases is still highly recommended to enhance your travel experience and connect more deeply with the local culture.
