Many people enjoy birdwatching, but spotting and studying bird nests can be just as rewarding, offering a deeper insight into avian life and behaviour. Observing nests reveals the incredible variety of ways birds build their homes, from delicate cup nests to sturdy cavity nests and pendulous structures hanging over wetlands.
Across India, you can find a wealth of fascinating nests to explore. For instance, keep an eye out for tree hollows where woodpeckers nest, or the mud homes built by swallows near water bodies. By turning your attention to these remarkable nests, you gain a unique perspective on nature’s creativity and the diverse strategies birds use to thrive in different environments.
These nests, often suspended from tree branches and sometimes dangling over water, are marvels of natural engineering that provide both shelter and protection from predators. Among the most remarkable architects of these elaborate homes is the Baya Weaver bird, renowned for its intricately woven nests with a bulbous chamber and narrow entrance. Found across the Indian subcontinent, Baya Weavers build their nests from leaves and grass, usually in grasslands, cultivated fields, and scrublands.
While Baya Weavers are the most famous for their woven hanging nests, other species like Tailorbirds also create suspended nests, though they do so by stitching leaves together rather than weaving. Exploring these nests offers a unique insight into the diversity and ingenuity of bird nesting habits.
Cup nests, common among many songbirds across India, are typically bowl-shaped structures made from twigs, grass, and other plant materials. You’ll find them in trees and shrubs within parks, gardens, forests, and woodlands. These nests are built at varying heights, from just a few feet off the ground to higher in the branches.
Birds like the Oriental Magpie-Robin prefer open woodlands, sometimes nesting near human settlements. Bulbuls build their nests in hedges and bushes, while flycatchers and orioles often use cobwebs to bind their materials. When exploring parks or gardens, keep an eye on the branches and dense shrubs for these delicate yet sturdy cup-shaped nests, showcasing the resourcefulness of India’s avian inhabitants.
Platform nests are large, flat, and open structures built by several bird species using sticks and sturdy materials. These nests are often located in trees, on cliffs, or even on the ground, and can be reused and expanded over multiple breeding seasons. In India, platform nests are commonly constructed by large raptors, herons, storks, and the Indian skimmer. While most birds build these nests in trees or on cliffs, Indian skimmers prefer nesting on sandy riverbanks, particularly in states like Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Raptors, herons, and storks typically place their platform nests in tree forks or on ledges, impromptu platforms, creating a stable base for their eggs. This diverse range of nesting habits highlights the adaptability of these species to their environments.
Cavity nests are built inside natural hollows in trees, rock crevices, or even man-made structures like birdhouses. Woodpeckers are skilled at excavating their own cavities, while other birds such as owls, hornbills, and bluebirds often use existing ones. These nests provide excellent protection from weather and predators. In India, cavity nests can be found across various habitats including forests—both primary and disturbed—riverbanks, agricultural areas, and even urban parks with mature trees. Birds like barbets, mynas, and starlings may also use man-made structures for nesting. Rock cavities serve as homes for some owls and kingfishers. To spot cavity nests, listen for distinctive calls and watch for birds entering or leaving holes in trees. Look out for signs like wood chips or droppings beneath potential sites.
Mud nests are cup-shaped structures built by certain bird species using mud pellets, often mixed with other materials like grass, hair, or feathers. These mud nests in India are primarily built by swallows and potter wasps, found in diverse locations such as under bridges, on cliffs, buildings, and in caves. Wire-tailed swallows, notably in the Godavari River basin, are well-known for their mud nest construction, while dusky crag martins build half-cup mud nests under cliff overhangs or man-made structures.
Swallows generally favour nesting near water bodies like rivers and ponds, often choosing sheltered spots such as bridges and buildings. Potter wasps, including mud daubers, create mud nests in protected areas, which may also serve as homes for other insects. Mud nests by wasps are commonly seen on cliffs, in caves, and around human structures. Additionally, some egret species incorporate mud into their nests. When searching for mud nests, look for signs like mud pellets and focus on sheltered overhangs, water-adjacent sites, and crevices on natural or man-made surfaces.
Bird nests can often be spotted right in your own neighbourhood, offering a wonderful opportunity to observe nature up close. However, for those eager to explore further afield, India boasts some fantastic locations ideal for nest spotting. Notable among these are the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Rajasthan, Chilika Lake in Odisha, Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary in Karnataka, and Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary in Kerala, all renowned for their rich birdlife and plentiful nesting sites.
For a more adventurous experience, consider visiting Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal Pradesh or Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary in Gujarat, both celebrated for their diverse avian populations and excellent opportunities to witness bird nests in the wild. Whether nearby or distant, these spots provide a unique glimpse into the fascinating world of bird nesting habits.
To find nests, start by carefully observing bird behaviour. During nesting season—typically spring and early summer—watch where birds fly repeatedly, especially if they’re carrying twigs, grass, leaves, or mud. These materials are often clues that a nest is being built nearby. Listening can also help; alarm calls or the soft begging sounds of chicks can indicate a hidden nest close by.
Once you suspect a nest is nearby, be cautious. Always allow the parent bird to leave on its own before moving closer. Use binoculars or a spotting scope to observe from a distance, and avoid disturbing nests during sensitive times such as early mornings, poor weather, or just before chicks are ready to fledge.
Respect the space around a nest—don’t touch or move anything. Even unintentional signs of human activity can lead predators straight to the nest. Keep pets, especially cats, indoors during nesting season, and avoid lingering near the nest site.
Consider contributing to citizen science efforts like NestWatch, which allows nature enthusiasts to report nesting activity and support bird conservation projects across India and beyond.