Tucked away in the Gonda district of Uttar Pradesh, the Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary is a serene mosaic of water and wilderness. This natural wetland, shaped by seasonal and permanent water coverage, breathes life into the landscape, creating a unique ecosystem where land and water blur into one. Home to marshes, swamps, and shallow water bodies, the sanctuary attracts a vibrant array of resident and migratory birds, making it a paradise for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts. From the call of cranes to the rustle of reeds, every corner of Parvati Arga tells a story of life sustained by water.
Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary, located in Tarabganj Tehsil of Uttar Pradesh, about 40 km from Gonda on the Mankapur–Nawabganj Road, is more than just a local wetland. Designated as a Ramsar site, the sanctuary is part of a network of wetlands acknowledged for their international importance. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, an international treaty adopted in 1971, works to protect these vital ecosystems through conservation and sustainable use.
This sanctuary comprises two oxbow lakes, forming a permanent freshwater ecosystem that reflects the wetland character typical of the region. Each year, over 100,000 waterbirds flock to Parvati Arga, using it as a vital site for roosting and breeding. It’s a critical refuge for several threatened species, including the critically endangered white-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis), the Indian vulture (Gyps indicus), and the endangered Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus).
Beyond its role in biodiversity, the sanctuary contributes significantly to the region’s hydrology, aiding in both groundwater recharge and discharge. Ancient temples surrounding the lakes lend cultural and religious importance, drawing visitors and pilgrims alike.
Located in the Upper Gangetic Plains' moist deciduous forests ecoregion, Parvati-Arga is a vital biodiversity hotspot. The sanctuary supports over 150 bird species, including several IUCN-listed threatened vulture species, like the critically endangered White-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis) and Indian vulture (Gyps indicus), and the endangered Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus). Additionally, the site supports other vulnerable and endangered species like the Sarus Crane (Grus antigone), Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarius), and Baer's Pochard (Aythya baeri). Each winter, migratory birds from as far as Siberia and Europe—such as pintails, mallards, and greylag geese—arrive, joining resident species like sarus cranes and painted storks.
The wetland also shelters mammals such as jackals, nilgai, and wild boars. Rich in aquatic flora, it hosts 176 plant species across 65 families, with water lilies and lotus among the prominent varieties. However, 33 per cent of these are invasive, including the aggressive water hyacinth.
Butterflies and spiders also form part of the ecosystem, but threats loom. Invasive species, agricultural runoff, illegal fishing, and nearby infrastructure development are putting growing pressure on this fragile habitat, endangering its ecological balance and long-term survival.
According to the South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People, many of India’s Ramsar-designated wetlands are under increasing stress due to a combination of human interference and poor governance. Originally granted Ramsar status for their role as safe havens for migratory birds and endangered species, these wetlands are now facing threats that undermine their ecological value.
Tourist footfall, particularly adventure-based tourism, has risen sharply around several Ramsar lakes, often without adequate regulation. This has disrupted fragile ecosystems and created challenges for the local communities that depend on them. Pollution, siltation, and unchecked human activity have led to a noticeable decline in bird populations across multiple sites.
Despite the urgent need for coordinated action, comprehensive protection or restoration plans remain largely absent—while authorities responsible for safeguarding these wetlands often promote projects that threaten their survival.
Given the ecological richness and delicate balance of Parvati-Arga, it is crucial that visitors and local communities alike tread carefully, ensuring that human activity does not disrupt this fragile habitat. Protecting such wetlands requires mindful stewardship to preserve their unique biodiversity for generations to come.
The nearest airport to Parvati Arga Wetland is Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport (LKO) in Lucknow, which is approximately 120 km away. The closest railway station is Mankapur Junction, which is about 15 km from the wetland.
The best time to visit Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary is from November to March, with the peak birdwatching season being from November to February. During this period, migratory birds from Siberia, Tibet, China, and Europe flock to the sanctuary
Several places of interest can be explored near the Parvati-Arga Wetlands. Gonda city, the district headquarters, features a range of attractions, including historical landmarks and cultural sites worth exploring. Not far away are Guptar Ghat and Ram ki Paidi, sacred spots on the banks of the Sarayu River, both connected to the legend of Ram and significant pilgrimage destinations. The Sarayu River itself flows near Gonda and offers tranquil scenic views. Additionally, Gonda district is home to many wetlands, providing further opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore diverse ecological zones beyond Parvati-Arga.
