Exploring Serampore In West Bengal, The Print Capital Of Early Bengal Literature

Serampore, also known as Srirampur, is a city in West Bengal, situated on the west bank of the Hooghly River. It was a significant Danish settlement named Frederiksnagore from 1755 to 1845. Today, the city is known for its rich heritage, printing press history, and for housing the oldest college of modern education in Asia.

Serempore And Its Printing History

One of the most interesting getaways from Kolkata, Serampore is renowned for its Danish heritage and significant role in Bengali printing and publishing history. From 1755 to 1845, Serampore was under Danish administration until the Danes sold their Indian interests to the United Kingdom. Visitors can explore the centuries-old homes of the Goswami families and notable Danish landmarks, including Serampore College. Additionally, the first botanical garden in India was established in Serampore, and it was here that the Baptist leader William Carey set up Bengal's first printing press in 1800.

The printing history of Serampore is closely associated with the Serampore Mission Press, established in 1800 by missionaries William Carey, William Ward, and Joshua Marshman. They aimed to translate and publish the Bible and other religious materials in various Indian languages. This press was pivotal in publishing religious texts, vernacular textbooks, and even the first Bengali newspaper and magazine, making Serampore a significant centre for printing in Bengal. Between 1800 and 1832, the press produced over 2,12,000 books, including religious tracts, Indian literary works, and translations of the Bible in numerous Indian languages.

The press significantly advanced Bengali prose by printing grammars, dictionaries, and other educational materials. Together with Fort William College in then Calcutta, the press helped consolidate the printing industry in the region, leading to increased availability of printed materials. The establishment of the Serampore Mission Press and the printing of Bengali texts significantly contributed to the emergence of a modern print culture in Bengal.

Places to Visit in Serampore

St Olav's Church

St Olav's Church in Serampore provides insight into Danish colonial history and the early activities of the Serampore Mission. Visitors can observe the royal monogram of King Christian VII on the portico, the original bell tower (now used as a clock tower), and marble plaques dedicated to missionaries and members of the Serampore Mission. Over 200 years old, the church's architecture, while reflecting British influences rather than Scandinavian designs, is a testament to the colonial era and the church's ongoing work in the community. The church underwent extensive restoration as part of the Danish government's Serampore Initiative, launched by the National Museum of Denmark in collaboration with the West Bengal Heritage Commission to revitalise the former Danish colony.

Although the church bells are no longer used, one bell bears the inscription "Frederiksvaerk 1804," indicating that it originated from a Danish iron factory. The restoration project has introduced a modern sound system, new cable lines, and stone flooring. The wooden rafters in the ceiling have been replaced with steel beams.

Address: Panchu Gopal Bhaduri Park, Serampore, West Bengal 712204

The Danish Tavern

One of the heritage buildings from the Danish colonial era is the Denmark Tavern. The National Museum of Denmark (NMD), the state heritage commission, and INTACH have revitalised the tavern as part of the Srirampur Initiative, which started in 2008. The Denmark Tavern is now a well-restored heritage structure that overlooks the Hooghly River in Serampore. It is an excellent example of the adaptive reuse of a historic building.

Initially opened in 1786 by British innkeeper James Parr, the Denmark Tavern & Hotel quickly gained popularity among Europeans. Today, it is managed by the Park Hotels group and has been beautifully renovated. The restaurant features a vibrant pastel colour palette and elegant Danish design, offering a delectable selection of multi-cuisine dishes. It also opens up to a garden area with casual outdoor seating. In addition to the dining options, accommodations are available for guests.

Address: Serampore Police Line N.N Roy Street , LP 39, 2/1, Serampore - 712201

The Carey Library and Research Centre

The Carey Library and Research Centre (CLRC) in Serampore, a newly constructed building, houses the Archive of Serampore College, the College Museum, and a Conference Hall. The CLRC features a vast collection of over 15,000 items in 101 different languages, including manuscripts, rare books, and other valuable sources, some dating back to the 16th century.

The CLRC boasts a diverse collection of rare books and manuscripts, including polyglot translations, journals, and dictionaries in numerous languages. Their archive of Serampore College holds valuable historical documents, offering insights into the college's history and the broader context of Indian history. The college museum showcases curatorial collections and exhibits related to the history and achievements of Serampore College.

Address: Mac House Complex, 8 no., William Carey Road, Serampore – 712201, West Bengal, India.

Rajbari

Serampore Rajbari is a historical landmark and heritage building renowned for its impressive architecture and expansive courtyards. Visitors can explore the grand corridors, admire the intricate architectural details, and learn about the historical significance of the Rajbari.

The architecture of the Serampore Rajbari is particularly noteworthy, featuring Corinthian columns, ornate carvings, checkered tiles, beautiful verandahs, and a large courtyard. The charming corridors are a popular backdrop for pre-wedding photoshoots. Additionally, the stately mansion has served as a filming location for various movies, including the popular "Bhooter Bhabishyat." The Rajbari is also a popular destination during Durga Puja, drawing visitors who wish to witness the celebrations and appreciate the beauty of the building.

Address: Chatra, Serampore, West Bengal 712201

The Danish Cemetery

The Danish Cemetery in Serampore features tombs and graves of Danish governors and other members of the Danish contingent. It's a place to see the remains of the legacy of Danish rule in Serampore. Ole Bie, the head of the Danish trading station, is buried in the cemetery, and his tombstone is a notable feature. 

Located in a domed tomb-like structure, the graves of William Carey, his wives, and children are a significant part of the cemetery's history. The cemetery also holds the graves of missionaries like William Ward and Joshua Marshman, who were part of the Serampore mission. 

Serampore College

Founded in 1818 by British missionaries from the Baptist Church, Serampore College is one of the first modern higher education institutions in Asia. It is the third oldest college in India, established by William Carey and granted university status by the Danish king. Serampore College is renowned for its historic two-story building, which features Ionic pillars and a portico, completed in 1822. This prominent building, known among students as "The Steps," showcases Danish architectural design.

However, the college's historic buildings are in need of restoration, and the institution is currently seeking financial support for comprehensive repairs.

Information | Serampore, Near Kolkata

How can I reach the print capital of Bengal literature?

The nearest railway station to Serampore (Shrirampur) is Shrirampur (Serampore) Railway Station itself. It's a major station on the Howrah–Bardhaman main line. The nearest airport to Serampore is the Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport (CCU) in Kolkata, which is approximately 52 km away.

What is the best time to visit Serampore?

The best time to visit Serampore, West Bengal is generally considered to be during the winter months, from October to March. This period offers pleasant and cooler weather, ideal for sightseeing and exploring the town.

What are some places to visit near Serampore?

When visiting this lesser-known destination in West Bengal, key in a visit to nearby attractions such as Bandel Church (Basilica of the Holy Rosary), credited as the oldest Christian church in West Bengal; Hooghly Imambara, a mosque-imambara located on the bank of the Ganges; Chandernagore, a town with a French heritage; and Abanindranath Tagore Bagan Bari, the house of the Tagore family.