On a March afternoon, the scenic town of Gulmarg is overrun by tourists armed with snowboards and skis. &ldquoTake off your board and run,&rdquo shouts one among a group of adventurers. Yanik Turgeon, known as the &lsquoPink Panther&rsquo to his familiars, boards from Phase II down Mount Apharwat at 4,124m and sprints to the finish line in a hot pink jumpsuit. It gets him a prize for being best dressed in the first annual Gulmarg Global Derby, a downhill ski and snowboard race.
&ldquoThis race will become an annual event,&rdquo says Muddasir Mir, the organiser of the race and owner of the Pine Palace Heritage Hotel, with a hint of a New York accent. &ldquoWe want the world to see that Gulmarg is a safe place for boarders and skiers.&rdquo
There is no doubt that this little town, 52km from Srinagar, has the potential to become the world&rsquos next adventure ski destination. Winter tourist numbers have tripled in the past three years from just a few hundred to nearly 1,000 this season and are projected to double in 2009. &ldquoThe number of season tickets sold for Phase II increased by 220 per cent this year,&rdquo says avalanche safety expert Brian Newman. &ldquoAnd it&rsquos only going to go up as more people hear about Gulmarg.&rdquo
In addition to tourists, the town also buzzes with foreign investors eager to introduce heli-skiing, build hotels, and market the world&rsquos highest lift-accessible ski terrain. &ldquoThe riding here is too good to be kept a secret,&rdquo says Dave Watson, an American skier who was hired by the private outfit, Ski Himalaya, to create a training programme for Kashmiri ski and snowboard guides. &ldquoCompared to last year this place has already taken off and next season we will probably host twice the number of tourists we had this year.&rdquo
Yet while tourism is bringing money and jobs to the region, there is concern that development is not occurring at a sustainable pace. Some visitors question how the ecosystem in an area with an already inadequate infrastructure will survive &mdash even today Gulmarg lacks adequate running water and proper sanitation. The state government&rsquos plans for building are still unclear, and seem to vary depending on which government or tourism department official you speak to. And as the number of tourists visiting Gulmarg increases, the infrastructure is further strained.
Skiers talk of the best powder runs of their lives followed by an unpleasant ski through the municipal dump, now part of the ski terrain. A stroll between hotels reveals piles of discarded waste, delicacies for the local monkeys. The garbage collected in the winter months is often dumped in the woods by trash collectors or pitched into the local stream by hotel staff. The High Court&rsquos ban on polythene bags is not observed. Without the winter&rsquos snow cover, Gulmarg&rsquos summer tourists are greeted by piles of plastics consisting of grocery and chips bags and discarded water bottles.
Tourism consultant Carin Jodha gave the state&rsquos tourism department his recommendations for eco-friendly development. The plan involved implementing a waste-management system like the one used in Kovalam. The idea was to train hotel staff to segregate, compost, and dispose of trash properly. A similar system could be used in Gulmarg and would provide additional employment for the locals, but nothing seems to have been done about it so far. &ldquoOutsourcing the sanitation system to local and international NGOs has been considered but presently no decisions have been made,&rdquo says Farooq Lone, chief executive officer of the Gulmarg Development Authority.
Another important step, according to Lone, would be the implementation of the ban on the use of polythene bags. However, rather than immediately implementing an eco-friendly waste management model, the tourism authorities are contemplating building a landfill outside the forest area on the outskirts of Gulmarg.
Water is another chronic problem in Gulmarg. Since water often freezes in the pipes, most hotels leave water running in winter. &ldquoIf you leave water running 24 hours a day for 45 days at a time it is inevitable that it will run out,&rdquo says Mir. &ldquoIt is not a question of water scarcity, it is how water is managed. All hotel owners &mdash government and private &mdash should insulate the pipes.&rdquo
The Jammu and Kashmir Tourism Department, however, has grand development plans for Gulmarg. According to those plans, the existing 800 hotel rooms in Gulmarg will double in the next few years &mdash more hotels have been sanctioned, and a state-of-the-art golf course with six manmade lakes is in the offing. The ecological damage being done to Gulmarg is just one side of the coin. The other is the inconveniences faced by Gulmarg&rsquos tourists &mdash from water and electricity shortages, non-functional ski lifts and bad roads. &ldquoThe system in Gulmarg is highly erratic,&rdquo says Alexander Yurtsev, a Russian tour operator. &ldquoA number of people who come here never get to ski down Phase II. To come here and not experience skiing down one of the highest lift-accessible terrains in the world because the lift is not working leaves a terrible impression.&rdquo He estimates that only 10 per cent of his clients will return. &ldquoThe workers who run the lift under the Department of Tourism do not care if the lift operates since they get paid regardless,&rdquo adds Mohammed Yaseen Khan of the Kashmir Alpine Ski Shop, one of Gulmarg&rsquos first skiing outfits. &ldquoThe lift should be run by a private organisation.&rdquo
Travelling on the roads in winter is also a problem. &ldquoWe came all the way from Hungary and waited for four hours to travel just a few kilometres from Tangmarg to Gulmarg,&rdquo says Norbert, a Hungarian skier. The roads are rarely cleared and there are very few cars with four-wheel drives and snow chains.
It is a frustrating situation. The tourism department will say that they understand there is a problem and will explain their plans for action, which include introducing battery-operated cars this summer for tourist transport, installing solar street lights in the park and building a model &lsquogreen cottage&rsquo. All of these sound promising but the fact is that it&rsquos imperative for the government to come up with a comprehensive management plan for Gulmarg. The basic issues of water, electricity and sanitation need to be addressed first. Otherwise, there is a very serious risk that Gulmarg, which could usher in the revival of tourism in Jammu & Kashmir, and perhaps become one of the world&rsquos best ski resorts, will go downhill even before it attempts to take off.
