The renowned Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan serves as a vital wintering habitat for Palaearctic migratory waterfowl and is celebrated for its significant population of non-migratory resident breeding birds. The name was derived from the presence of an old Hindu temple dedicated to Hindu deity Shiva in the center of the park. The sanctuary is located about 60km away from Agra. It is also connected to Sawai Madhopur and Kota via Bharatpur, a town about two km away from the sanctuary.
Keoladeo National Park wasn't always a sanctuary for birds. Quite the opposite, in fact. In the 1850s, it was a royal hunting ground for the Maharajas of Bharatpur. Nestled in a natural depression, this vibrant ecosystem was especially susceptible to seasonal flooding, which creates an inviting haven for countless migratory birds seeking refuge. In a bid to create a prime duck shooting reserve, Prince Harbhanji of Morvi took it upon himself to enhance the area by constructing a network of canals and dykes, effectively boosting water retention and transforming the landscape.
The park's evolution took a pivotal turn thanks to the dedicated efforts of the renowned ornithologist Salim Ali, who passionately advocated for its conservation. His work culminated in the recognition of the site as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in 1956. As a testament to its ecological significance, it was declared a protected sanctuary in 1971, before officially being designated as Keoladeo National Park on March 10, 1982.
Keoladeo National Park, known for its exceptional avian biodiversity was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. According to UNESCO, it serves as one of the primary wintering areas for a large number of aquatic birds migrating from Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, China, and Siberia. The park is home to approximately 364 bird species, including the rare Siberian crane. This green wildlife oasis, located within a densely populated human landscape, features a diverse range of life forms across its mosaic of grasslands, woodlands, woodland swamps, and wetlands, which cover an area of just 2,873 hectares.
The park features a well-designed system of dikes and sluices that creates areas with varying water depths, supporting a diverse range of bird species. According to UNESCO, Keoladeo's strategic location along the Central Asian migratory flyway, combined with available water sources, attracts large numbers of ducks, geese, coots, pelicans, and wading birds in the winter. It is also the only known wintering site for the central population of the critically endangered Siberian Crane.
Additionally, the park serves as a wintering area for other globally threatened species, such as the Greater Spotted Eagle and the Imperial Eagle. During the breeding season, the park hosts the most spectacular heronry in the region, featuring 15 different species of herons, ibises, cormorants, spoonbills, and storks. In a well-flooded year, over 20,000 birds may nest here.
Keoladeo National Park was designated a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention in 1981. It is known for its unique mosaic of grasslands, woodlands, and wetlands.
Ramsar sites are wetlands designated as being of international importance under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, also known as the "Convention on Wetlands." This intergovernmental treaty, established by UNESCO in 1971, focuses on the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. Ramsar sites are recognised for their ecological functions, economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value. Rajasthan currently has three Ramsar sites: Keoladeo National Park (Bharatpur), Sambhar Lake (Jaipur), and the city of Udaipur.
The best time to visit Keoladeo National Park is from October to February when the migratory birds come to roost. When you arrive, spend a few hours birdwatching and soaking in the peace of the surroundings. You can also embark on a safari through the national park and learn about its flora and fauna from your guide. Early mornings are often the best time to see birds and enjoy the park's tranquil atmosphere.
You can hire bicycles to explore the park at your own pace. Boat rides are also available on the lakes, allowing you to get closer to the birds and other wildlife. Hiring a local guide can enhance your experience by helping you spot rare birds and providing insights into the park's history and ecology.
Wear comfortable shoes for walking and bring lightweight cotton clothing for the summer and light woolen garments for the winter. Don't forget essentials like binoculars, a hat, sunscreen, insect repellent, and a water bottle.
Respect the wildlife and nature. Maintain a safe distance from birds and animals, avoid disturbing their habitat, and do not feed them. And do your part to keep the park clean by avoiding littering.
The park and its surroundings have several interesting places to see. One highlight is the Keoladeo Temple, a popular birdwatching destination, as it is a favoured roosting area for many bird species. You can also take a scenic boat ride on the lakes, allowing you to see aquatic birds and otters up close. Finally, don’t forget to visit Shanti Kutir, a designated area where you can relax and appreciate the park’s tranquil ambience. Marvel at the awe-inspiring Lohagarh Fort, a symbol of the unwavering spirit of the Jat rulers of Bharatpur. This impregnable stronghold was constructed by Maharaja Suraj Mal and earned its moniker "Iron Fort," for standing unconquered against British forces. One of the many stunning forts of Rajasthan, it surrounded by a protective moat, stands as a living testament to the unyielding valour and gallantry of the Jat rulers.
Keoladeo National Park, also known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, is open all year round, with slightly different timings depending on the season. During winter (October-March), the park opens at 6:30 AM and closes at 5:30 PM. In the summer (April-September), the park opens at 6 AM and closes at 6 PM.
The nearest airport to Keoladeo is situated at Agra, around 56-km from Bharatpur. The national capital Delhi is 184 km from Bharatpur. Regular rail services connect Bharatpur with all the major cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Jaipur and Agra. The Bharatpur railway station is about five km from the park.
