The Cardamom Mountains in southwestern Cambodia are home to one of Southeast Asia’s most biodiverse tropical rainforest ecosystems. Stretching across provinces like Koh Kong, Sihanoukville, and Battambang, the range also extends into parts of Thailand.
The Cardamom Mountains, stretching across both Cambodia and Thailand, form one of Southeast Asia’s most important and biodiverse rainforest regions. While the majority of the range lies within Cambodia, it extends westward into eastern Thailand, creating a vast, contiguous landscape of tropical wilderness. This region includes the wet evergreen forests of the Cardamom and Elephant Mountains, as well as Vietnam’s Dao Phu Quoc Island, and is recognised as one of the most species-rich rainforest systems in the region.
The cardamom rainforest landscape is one of the last remaining unfragmented rainforests in Southeast Asia and plays a vital role within the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot—a globally recognised region known for its exceptional species diversity and high levels of endemism, with many species found nowhere else on Earth. This vast forested area is not only a sanctuary for wildlife but also essential for ecosystem services, climate regulation, and the livelihoods of local communities.
As the most important watershed in the region, the cardamom rainforest landscape helps regulate rainfall, store carbon, and maintain climate stability, making it a critical natural asset for both biodiversity and human well-being. Its dense forests act as a major carbon sink, helping to mitigate the effects of global climate change.
The mountains rise sharply from sea level to elevations exceeding 1,500 metres, high enough to capture monsoon winds and produce heavy annual rainfall—ranging from 3,000 to 4,000 mm, with areas like Cambodia’s Emerald Valley receiving over 5,000 mm. The region’s volcanic past has also left behind mineral-rich basalt deposits containing rubies, sapphires, and zircons, adding geological significance to its ecological wealth.
At the core of this rainforest expanse lies the Central Cardamom Mountains National Park, Cambodia’s first designated protected area. Over 96 per cent of its forest remains intact, making it a rare example of relatively undisturbed rainforest in the region. This protection has preserved vital habitats for over 400 vertebrate species, 70 fish species, and more than 200 plant species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth. Internationally recognised for its environmental, cultural, and economic value, the park’s 43 forest watersheds provide essential ecosystem services—such as clean water and climate stability—to more than 6.9 million people, making it a keystone in Southeast Asia’s conservation landscape.
As one of Southeast Asia’s last unfragmented rainforest landscapes, the cardamom rainforest in Cambodia thrives best with minimal human interference. Rather than seeking to conquer or consume these wild spaces, you should adopt a mindset of quiet observation and deep respect.
If you do choose to visit, prioritise low-impact, conservation-focused travel. Opt for eco-lodges or community-based tourism that actively supports preservation efforts and limits environmental disturbance. These stays often employ local guides, offer homestays, and reinvest proceeds into forest protection and community development.
It's essential to avoid activities that disrupt wildlife or degrade the forest—no off-trail trekking, loud noise, or wildlife handling. Instead, support initiatives like reforestation programs, or wildlife monitoring—efforts that aim to keep the rainforest intact rather than change it.
Minimise your footprint by reducing waste: bring reusable water bottles, avoid single-use plastics, and conserve water and energy. Most importantly, respect the rainforest as a living system—not a backdrop for adventure tourism. Recognise that some of the most meaningful travel experiences come from quiet appreciation rather than active engagement.
Respect local communities and their relationship with the land. Learn about Indigenous cultures like the Chourng and Por, and understand that for many, this forest is home—not just scenery. The cardamom rainforest doesn’t need to be “experienced” to be valued. Sometimes, the best way to help is simply to let it be.
The Cardamom Mountains offer a wide range of stays. Among the best-known community-based options are Chi Phat and Steung Areng, villages that once relied on forest exploitation but have since transformed into leading ecotourism destinations in Cambodia. These initiatives give budget-conscious travellers a chance to explore the rainforest responsibly while supporting local livelihoods.
The closest airport to the Cardamom Mountains is Phnom Penh International Airport. From there, you can take a domestic flight to Sihanoukville or travel by road to reach the region.
Indian citizens need a visa to enter Cambodia, available as an e-visa or on arrival at major airports and land borders. Both options are valid for 30 days. The e-visa is applied online for convenience, while visa on arrival offers easy processing. A passport with six months’ validity, a return ticket, and proof of funds are typically required.
The best time to visit the Cardamom Mountains rainforest in Cambodia is during the dry season, from November to April.
For a memorable visit to Cambodia’s cardamom rainforest, pack light with essentials such as sturdy hiking boots and sun hats. Hiring a local guide enriches your experience and supports the community. Expect limited connectivity—embrace the chance to unplug—and always respect the local culture.
