On the outskirts of Kolhapur, a city famous for its leather sandal chappals, tambda rassa (a fiery red broth made with mutton or lamb), and the royal palace of the Bhavani Mandap, lies a quiet fort town that draws visitors for an unforgettable journey through time and terrain.
This is Panhala, where the rolling Sahyadris frame a historical landmark that dates back to the 12th century. With its sprawling walls, ancient gateways, and hidden tunnels, the Panhala Fort is replete with tales of heroism, resilience, and strategic brilliance, attracting not just history buffs but also nature lovers and adventure seekers keen to experience a slice of history in scenic surroundings.
Before entering Panhala Fort, which is easily accessible by car, visitors are typically greeted by a number of knowledgeable local guides keen on sharing the fort’s history and significance. One of the first things they are told is that the structure was built by the Shilahara dynasty as a strategic fortification to oversee vital trade routes between Maharashtra’s interior and the Konkan coast. As time went on, the fort became a coveted stronghold for various ruling dynasties, each of whom left their mark on its history and architecture.
For instance, the fort’s defenses were reinforced by the Yadavas of Devagiri, who succeeded the Shilaharas. Then, during the Bahmani Sultanate period, Panhala changed hands multiple times owing to the power struggles of the various Deccan kingdoms. When the Adil Shahi dynasty took over by the 16th century, they expanded the complex by constructing sturdy bastions and underground water systems. Today, the complex spans a mind-boggling 14 km in circumference.
Arguably, though, the fort’s most iconic era came under the Maratha Empire, particularly during the reign of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The Panhala Fort played a key role in the Battle of Pavan Khind in 1660, when Baji Prabhu Deshpande made the ultimate sacrifice, fighting against overwhelming odds to secure Shivaji Maharaj’s escape from the forces of the Bijapur Sultanate.
These are the facts that the history books speak of today. But it’s only by standing in front of Panhala Fort that the tales and stories come alive.
As visitors cross the threshold of the Teen Darwaza, or “Three-Gate Entrance,” the grand entryway to the fort reveals itself in the intricate carvings and imposing design that towers over them.
Once inside, one of the top attractions is the Andhar Bavadi, a three-storey underground well that secretly supplied water during enemy blockades. Ingeniously designed, it ensured that even during sieges, the fort’s inhabitants had access to fresh water.
Next up is the Sajja Kothi, a watchtower offering breathtaking views of the valley below. It is believed that Shivaji Maharaj used this place for contemplation, as the solitude and peace of this section focus one’s attention like nothing else.
Before stepping out of Panhala Fort, visitors stop at the Ambarkhana, a massive granary that once stored food supplies and which allowed the fort’s residents to withstand prolonged sieges without hardship.
Panhala Fort is not just for history buffs. Nature lovers can enjoy the breathtaking panoramic views of the Western Ghats from the top, particularly during sunrise and sunset. The sight of rolling hills blanketed in mist, combined with the fort’s massive stone walls, creates a surreal experience. For thrill seekers, trekking trails around the fort lead through scenic landscapes, making it a paradise for hikers and photographers alike.
Beyond the fort, Panhala’s nearby villages and bustling markets attract tourists, too. Here, artisans showcase handcrafted goods and musicians fill the air with folk tunes. Guests can indulge in local delicacies like misal pav, pithla bhakri, and Kolhapuri tambda rassa for a taste of the region’s culinary heritage.
The ideal time to visit Panhala Fort is between October and February. The cool winter air makes exploring the fort comfortable and enjoyable. For nature lovers, the monsoon season (June to September) transforms the region into a lush paradise with misty hills and gushing waterfalls, though some trails may become slippery.
The weather can be a bit unpredictable, especially during the monsoons. It’s best to pack light yet warm clothing and rain gear if you’re visiting in the rainy season.
Comfortable walking shoes are a must for exploring the forts and trails. Exercise caution while walking around the fort or trekking through the scenic paths.
Those driving to Panhala Fort must ensure their vehicle is equipped for hilly terrains.
Those interested in the history of Panhala Fort should hire a local guide.
Take photographs with caution, especially near cliff edges and fort walls.
Keep the place clean and dispose of trash responsibly.
Don't venture into restricted areas of the fort without permission.
Don't engage in loud or disruptive behaviour. Be respectful and quiet.
Panhala Fort is well-connected by air, rail, and road, making it a convenient destination for travelers from within and outside India.
For those travelling by air, the nearest airport is Kolhapur, located about 25 km away. From the airport, visitors can hire taxis or board local buses to reach the fort.
By train, Kolhapur railway station serves as the closest major railhead, situated approximately 20 km from Panhala Fort. It is well-connected to Mumbai, Pune, and other important cities. From the railway station, travelers can opt for local transport, including buses, auto-rickshaws, and taxis, to reach the fort.
For road travellers, Panhala is easily accessible via state highways and well-maintained roads. The fort is just 20 km from Kolhapur, with state transport buses and private taxis frequently operating between the two places.