All About Sanjhi, The GI-Tagged Paper Cutting Art From Braj

Sanjhi is a traditional craft of delicate paper stencilling that originated in Vrindavan and Mathura in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The term "sanjhi" comes from the Hindi word "sanjh," which means "dusk." This term refers to the time of day when sanjhi rangoli is typically created. This unique art form from Mathura has received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag, which acknowledges its distinct origins and cultural significance. Here’s a closer look at this craft and what makes it unique.

The Art Devoted To Krishna

Sanjhi is a traditional paper-cutting art form originating from the Braj region of India, particularly in Mathura and Vrindavan. This art involves creating intricate designs, often depicting scenes from the life of Lord Krishna, using stencils that are then filled with colored powders. The term "Sanjhi" translates to "evening" or "dusk" in Hindi, and the art is traditionally practiced during the evening hours. Strongly associated with the Braj region, which is rich in history and culture, Sanjhi is deeply rooted in Hindu mythology, especially in the tales of Lord Krishna.

Process And Technique

The art of Sanjhi involves creating motifs mostly from the legends around Krishna. It begins with drawing a design on paper or a banana leaf and cutting a stencil using small, delicate, custom-made scissors. This process requires skilful cutting of intricate patterns and designs into the paper. Once the stencils are made, they are used to create designs on a surface, commonly a raised platform made of mud and cow dung called a "vedi." The designs are filled with natural powdered colours, and the paper stencils are carefully lifted to reveal the finished artwork. In addition to scissors, traditional practitioners may also use other stencils and paper punches to enhance their designs further.

Motifs And Mythology

Sanjhi art is not only a decorative art form but also a means of meditation and devotion. Practitioners often create intricate designs as acts of worship or offerings to the gods. This art form is closely tied to Hindu rituals and mythology, particularly the stories of Radha and Krishna. Sanjhi art is considered a folk art, traditionally practiced by women who use it to adorn their homes and temples for festivals and special occasions. In contemporary times, Sanjhi art has been adapted for use in various creations, such as paper lanterns and greeting cards. Common motifs include scenes from Krishna's childhood, cows, bullock carts, peacocks, and other elements representative of the Braj region.

Two Forms

The art of Sanjhi originated in the 16th and 17th centuries, with motifs adorning temple walls and floors. According to the Shrimad Bhagavatam, Radha initiated this practice to please Krishna, and it evolved into an ancient folk custom.

As the Vallabhacharya sect and the Bhakti movement grew in North India, Sanjhi became associated with the Vaishnava community as a temple tradition, reflecting the divine bond between Radha and Krishna. There are two styles: folk and temple tradition. Temple Sanjhi is created on a raised platform (vedi) using overlapping paper cuttings, typically during the Pitru Paksha in Ashwin (September-October), featuring floral designs and depictions of Krishna’s leelas. A unique method, Jal Sanjhi, is created on still water by sprinkling powdered stone colors that float on the surface.

A Popular Craft

Sanjhi art carries deep spiritual significance that goes beyond its immediate aesthetic appeal, regarded as one of the finest forms of spiritual expression. During the Mughal period, it integrated contemporary themes such as jaalis and geometric designs, thereby expanding its artistic range. Creating an elaborate Sanjhi design can take anywhere from an hour to a month. Today, Sanjhi art is present in many homes and spaces. It has been displayed in Delhi metro stations and was used for pictograms during the Commonwealth Games.