West Bengal is renowned for its distinctive temple architecture, which reflects the rich cultural and spiritual heritage of the region. As Mahashivratri approaches, it's the perfect time to explore the remarkable groups of Shiva temples scattered across the landscape. These temples mostly feature two-tiered roofs. Each level consists of four curved triangular sections. These architectural marvels are hidden gems, and are often found in clusters, varying in number from as few as two to as many as 108, creating a captivating tapestry of spirituality and culture.
The Kamarghat Dwadosh (or twelve) Shiva Temples, located on Prankrishna Chandra Lane in Kolkata, were established by Nilmani Chandra around the year 1852. These temples comprise a unique architectural ensemble, beautifully arranged on a raised platform with a square-shaped courtyard. They are crafted in the traditional Bengali aatchala style, characterised by their distinct eight-roofed structures that reflect the region's rich cultural heritage. Each of the twelve temples holds significant religious importance, particularly during the festival of Shivaratri, when devotees flock to the site to offer prayers. Alongside the Shiva linga, there is also a statue of Nandi, the sacred bull that serves as the vahana (vehicle) of Lord Shiva.
The Nava Kailash Temples are an extraordinary temple complex in Kalna, West Bengal. Constructed in 1809 by Maharaja Teja Chandra Bahadur, these temples are dedicated to Lord Shiva and are renowned for their striking architectural design. The complex comprises 108 temples arranged in two concentric circles: the outer circle features 74 temples, each housing a black Shiva lingam, while the inner circle contains 34 temples with white Shiva lingams. This intentional layout symbolises cosmic order, and the intricate terracotta decorations adorning the temple walls significantly elevate their beauty.
Nestled in the Nababhat area of Bardhaman, this cluster of 108 Shiva temples stands as a testament to architectural brilliance. These structures were commissioned in 1788 by Maharani Bishnu Kumari Devi, the wife of Tilak Chandra Bahadur from the Bardhaman royal family. The temples are meticulously arranged in a rectangular format, enhancing their visual splendour. They are said to be inspired by the spiritual significance of the 108 beads found in a traditional rosary or the sacred rudraksha necklace.
This group of 26 Shiva temples is situated on Ramhari Biswas Ghat Road in Khardah, North 24 Parganas. These temples were founded by Ramhari Biswas and Pran Krishna Biswas, the landlords of Khardah, in the early 19th century. Protected monuments under the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the aat-chala temples are strategically organised into two distinct groups: 20 temples are arranged in a square formation, while the remaining 6 face the Ganges River.
