Tucked within the bustling expanse of Dharavi, Mumbai, lies Kumbharwada—a 500-year-old pottery village that stands as a living testament to India's enduring artisanal heritage. Despite the encroachment of urban sprawl and the pressures of modernisation, Kumbharwada remains an enclave where tradition thrives amidst adversity.
The roots of Kumbharwada trace back to the 16th century, when potters from regions like Saurashtra in Gujarat migrated to Mumbai, bringing with them the age-old craft of pottery. In 1932, the British colonial government formally recognised the settlement by allotting 13.5 acres of land in Dharavi on a 99-year lease. Today, this area is home to over 200 skilled potter families who have transformed it into a bustling hub of earthenware production.
Walking through the narrow lanes of Kumbharwada, one is greeted by the rhythmic hum of potter's wheels and the earthy aroma of wet clay. Artisans, both young and old, deftly shape clay into various forms— from utilitarian pots and pans to intricate diyas (oil lamps) and decorative vases. The process is deeply communal: while men often handle the wheel and kiln, women contribute by decorating and painting the finished products, especially during festive seasons like Diwali and Navratri.
The techniques employed here have been passed down through generations. Fuelled by materials like sawdust and discarded fabrics, traditional kilns are still in use, lending each piece a unique character. Despite the availability of modern equipment, many artisans prefer these age-old methods, valuing the authenticity and connection to the heritage they provide.
In recent years, Kumbharwada's potters have faced mounting challenges. The influx of mass-produced goods, particularly from countries like China, has led to a decline in demand for handmade pottery. Additionally, the looming expiration of their land lease in 2032 and proposed redevelopment plans for Dharavi have sown seeds of uncertainty among the community. Many fear displacement and the potential loss of their ancestral livelihoods.
Environmental concerns also persist. While integral to the craft, the traditional kilns emit significant smoke, affecting air quality in the area. Residents, however, often accept these conditions as part and parcel of their way of life, demonstrating remarkable resilience and adaptability.
As Mumbai continues to evolve, preserving Kumbharwada's rich cultural tapestry becomes more crucial. Efforts to support the community—through policy advocacy, infrastructural improvements, and market access—can ensure this centuries-old craft survives and thrives in the modern era.
(With inputs from multiple sources)