Nomad Passport Index recently placed India at 148th place, one place below its 2024 ranking. Ireland took the top spot as the world’s strongest passport in 2025.
Ireland took the Nomad Passport Index’s top spot with a score of 109, edging out Switzerland in a back-and-forth battle thanks to its strong international reputation, entrepreneur-friendly tax policies and the overall flexibility of its passport. Notably, the Nomad Passport Index ranks the world’s most powerful passports based on visa-free access, taxation, and personal freedom.
While Ireland and Switzerland offer world-class global mobility, the former pulled ahead thanks to a slight edge in visa-free, visa-on-arrival and electronic travel authorisation (ETA)-based travel, combined with fast-track citizenship options. Irish citizens enjoy the right to live and work freely across the European Union (EU) and in the United Kingdom (UK).
Switzerland came in second place with a score of 108.50. Though not an EU member, Switzerland’s dual citizenship laws and high levels of personal liberty keep it among the most sought-after passports in the world.
The Nomad Passport Index evaluates 199 citizenships using a data-driven look at what it means to be a truly global citizen. Each passport is ranked across five key factors: visa-free travel (50 per cent of the overall score), taxation (20 per cent of the overall score), global perception (10 per cent of the overall score), dual citizenship (10 per cent of the overall score) and personal freedom (10 per cent of the overall score).
First published in 2017, the Nomad Passport Index has been updated annually to reflect changes in global mobility and citizenship policies. It tracks how each passport evolves year by year, assigning scores in each category and highlighting which countries are rising—or falling—in global influence. The 2025 index indicates that in today’s uncertain world, holding multiple citizenships is no longer a luxury—it’s a necessity.
The Nomad Passport Index is run by Nomad Capitalist, a company that specialises in legally and ethically reducing clients' tax rate, diversifying and safeguarding their assets, growing their passport portfolio, and maximising freedom. Founded by Andrew Henderson, the company identifies the best global citizenship and tax reduction strategies across its network of attorneys, real estate agents, accountants and other global experts.
India and the Comoros were tied in 148th place. India had a total score of 47.5, which was calculated by relying on the government's approach not just to travel, but also to international taxation laws, global perception, dual citizenship and personal freedom, as just the number of countries an Indian passport holder can visit do not tell the whole story.
India received a visa-free travel score of 75, meaning that Indian passport holders can enter 75 destinations either without a visa, through a visa on arrival or via an ETA. For the taxation score calculation, the Nomad Passport Index relied on data from its network of tax vendors, news sources, and tax authorities. Based on that data, India was given a score of 20.
For the perception score calculation, the Nomad Passport Index relied on the World Happiness Report, the Human Development Index and subjective factors from their networks’ experiences to determine how the country’s citizens are received and recognised. Based on that data, they assigned India a perception score of 20, meaning that India citizens experience intermediate hostility.
For the dual citizenship score calculation, the index relied on embassy data and the ability to hold dual citizenship, ranging from a score of 10 for strictly forbidden to a score of 50 for freely allowed. India’s dual citizenship score was 20, meaning that its citizens are strictly forbidden to hold other citizenships.
Lastly, the freedom score calculation was tabulated by checking out news reports on mandatory military service, government surveillance, press freedom and other factors to determine the personal freedom of citizens, travellers and expats. India received a freedom score of 20, meaning that its citizens have low freedom.
Joining Switzerland in second place is Greece (score 108.50), which moved up the rankings thanks to its mobility score and the expansion of a favourable tax regime. Over the last year, Greece has become a standout performer in EU investment migration and tax planning discussions, gaining credibility and traction with high-net-worth individuals (HWNIs), retirees and global investors alike.
Portugal (score 108) came in fourth place, with a welcoming culture, visa-free access to destinations like South Africa and one of Europe’s most expat-friendly tax regimes. Malta (score 107.50) and Italy (score 107.50) were in joint fifth place.
The top-ranking Asian country on the Nomad Passport Index 2025 was the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 10th place, alongside Iceland and New Zealand. Singapore was joint 26th alongside Monaco and Cyprus, followed in 37th place by Japan and Malaysia, and South Korea in 39th place.
The weakest passports on the Nomad Passport Index 2025 were Pakistan (ranking 195), Iraq (ranking 196), Eritrea (ranking 197), Yemen (ranking 198) and Afghanistan (ranking 199).
