10 Of India's Oldest Monuments

OT Staff

Sanchi Stupa, Madhya Pradesh

Built in the 3rd century BCE by Emperor Ashoka, the Sanchi Stupa is one of India’s oldest surviving stone structures, renowned for its Buddhist relics, intricate toranas, and hemispherical dome.

Sanchi Stupa, Madhya Pradesh | Shutterstock.com

Bhimbetka Rock Shelters, Madhya Pradesh

Dating back to over 1,00,000 years, these UNESCO-listed shelters contain prehistoric cave paintings that depict hunting, dancing, and everyday life, offering insight into early human civilisations in South Asia.

The Bhimbetka rock shelters show evidence of Stone Age | Shutterstock

Konark Sun Temple, Odisha

Constructed in the 13th century by King Narasimhadeva I, this chariot-shaped temple honours the Sun God Surya, famed for its intricate stone carvings and advanced astronomical and architectural alignments.

Konark Sun Temple | Shutterstock

Mahabodhi Temple, Bihar

Originally built in the 3rd century BCE by Ashoka and later reconstructed, this sacred site marks the location of Buddha’s enlightenment and is a vital centre of Buddhist pilgrimage and heritage.

The Mahabodhi Temple of Bodhgaya | Shutterstock

Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra

Carved between the 2nd century BCE and 6th century CE, the Ajanta Caves house stunning frescoes and sculptures that chronicle Buddhist narratives, showcasing some of the earliest forms of Indian art.

Ajanta and Ellora Caves | Shutterstock

Elephanta Caves, Maharashtra

Dating back to the 5th–6th centuries CE, these rock-cut caves on Elephanta Island feature impressive Shaivite sculptures, including the iconic Trimurti, blending Hindu mythology with ancient rock architecture.

Elephanta Caves | Shutterstock

Shore Temple, Tamil Nadu

Erected in the 8th century CE under the Pallava dynasty at Mahabalipuram, the Shore Temple is one of India’s earliest stone-built temples, exemplifying Dravidian architecture near the Bay of Bengal.

Shore Temple, a World Heritage Site in Mahabalipuram | Shutterstock

Dilwara Temples, Rajasthan

Built between the 11th and 13th centuries CE by the Chalukya dynasty, these Jain temples in Mount Abu are revered for their pristine marble craftsmanship and meditative architectural symmetry.

Domed ceiling of Dilwara Temples | Wikimedia Commons

Udayagiri Caves, Madhya Pradesh

These Gupta-era caves from the 4th–5th century CE feature some of India’s oldest Hindu iconography, including the earliest known image of Vishnu’s Varaha (boar) avatar carved into a rock wall.

Udayagiri Caves | Wikimedia Commons

Lomas Rishi Cave, Bihar

Constructed in the 3rd century BCE, the Lomas Rishi Cave is the oldest surviving example of rock-cut architecture in India, originally used by Ajivika monks, featuring an elaborately carved facade.

Lomas Rishi Cave | AMITABHA GUPTA/Wikimedia Commons

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Garuda by Hyougushi in National Museum, Delhi | Wikimedia Commons
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